Heating and ventilating apparatus.



No. 886,325. PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

E. F. OSBORNE.

HEATING AND VENTILATI-NG APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED 311.23. 1904.

5 SHEETS-BHEET 1.

PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

B. F. OSBORNE.

HEATINGAND VENTILATING APPARATUS.

APPLIUATION FILED 133.23, 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED APR. 28, 1908.

"No. 886,325. E. P. OSBORNE.

1) VENTILATING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 1904.

HEATING AN 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

/ ll/1100 m! No. 886,325. w I PATENTED APR. 28, 1908. E. F. OSBORNE.

HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. 1904.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

. No. 886,325. I 'PATENTED APR. 28, 1908,

E. F. OSBORNE.

HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23, 1904.

'5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED sTArns PATENT oFFIoE.

EUGENE F. OSBORNE, OFOHIGAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO OSBORNE STEAM ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION ILLINOIS.

HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 28, 1908.

Application filed February 28, 1904. Serial No. 194,927.

To all whom it may concern:

of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in'Heating and 'Venti lating Apparatusyand I do hereby declare that the following is a fulhclear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relatesto improvements in systems for heating and ventilating apartments and among the objects of the invention is -'to produce a system by which air may be introduced into an apartment and discharged therefrom in such manner as to maintain-the purest and preferably the 0001- est air in the area of the apartment-which may be termed the breathing area or level,

or the space at the height of the heads of the occu ants of the room.

A urther object of the invention is to roduce a, system of this character by w ich the heavier gases produced by respiration will be discharged at the floor level and the lighter gases will be discharged at a level nearer t e ceiling of the room, whereby there is little or no tendency, in thenormal operation of the system, to mix the heavier and lighter gases with each other ,or with the intermedi-ate newlyintroduced layer of breathin air in such manner as to vitiate breatht'ie air. A further object of the invention is to heat the air in the apartment'in suchmanner as to avoid raising the heavier gases or air con.- sti'tuents and mixing them with the-breathable air.

' A fu'rtherlobject of the invention is to provide an improved system for heating the apartment comprising the combination of .indirect and direct heating means.

A further object of the invention is to provide an rovedindlrect heating device or apparatus y" which the airisraised in temperature nor to its admission to the apart- ,ment

) constructed to increase the' eflicienc of -the same.

A rther object of my invention embraces; in general terms', an I breathing level or area.

from the apartment.

through the apartment.

and are discharged therefrom near t level, while the constituents of intermediate density pass from the apartment through thei-nve'ntion is toprioe vide an improved means for automatically the air from the a artment at different levels,

depending upon t 1e densities of the different layers of air constituents, whereby thelayers of different densities do not become interlningled, and means for controllably varying the temperature'of the air in the apartment. The heating is accomplished, preferably by steam and. the steam is herein shown as em loyed. under vacuum, The air, heated y its passage overthe indirect. heating device, enters the apartment at or near the An outlet is provided-at thetop of the apartment through which the lighter air constituents escape Another. outlet passage is provided near the floor level for the withdrawal ofthe heavier air constitu'ents, and a third outlet is provided slightly'above the breathing level for the withdrawal of the air constituent of intermediate density and to insure a circulation of thebreathable air The volume of air admitted to the room depends upon 'the number of occupants thereof.

As the air is breathed by the occupants of the apartment and the exhalations'thrown out into the apartment, the heavier constituent, to Wit,carbon dioxid, tends to and does fall toward the'floor of the apartment and is from thence discharged. through the lowerair outlet, and the lighter constituents of the air, such as the aqueous va or and nitrogen, rise toward the ceiling of t 1e apartment 1e ceiling the intermediate outlet. It is-to be under-- stoodthat normally, the windows and doors of the apartment will beclosed," so that ingress and egress of air is afforded through theprescribed openingsabove referred to. As a result of" th1s arrangement, the air at the breatlnn level is always fresh and, by reason of the re 'ative densities of theair'cOnstitri ents there is but little or no tendency of the co-ntarninatec l or vitiatedair to become mixed in substantial-quantities with the incoming fresh'air before the consumption of the fresh air. by the occupants of the, --apartment.

Whatever bacteria-there may how the air will be found for the most part to benear the ceilin or in the aqueous vapor area, and

such acteria do not descend to the breathing area or level." The t'oparea of the apartment is cleared from the lighter foul air e riodically, the up er outlet being control ed by a-damper or va ve.

The heating of the apartment aside from that afforded by the heated air su' plied to the apartment is accomplished by rect radiation fromfa heating device located at or near the ceiling of the apartment. As a re suit the heavier foul air constituents at or near the floor are not heated sufficiently to rise, and the lighter impure air is too hot to .fall downwardly through the layer of fresh incoming air. In practice, the heavier air constituents are discharged from the apart -ment at the floor level at about the tem- .20 perature of 70 While fresh air should be delivered to the apartment ata temperature of from 65 to 68. Said freshjheated air is referably delivered to'the apartment from ourto six feet above the floorlevel and is i discharged from the apartment at from seven' to ten feet .above the floor level, the discharged air being raised in temperature by its passage through the apartment.

ceilin'g passes through the stratified air constituents but does not directly heat the same. Such radiant heat actsvdirectly to heat the j floor and also acts to heat theceiling and the 9 upper air stratum, and, by reflection against radiation from theceiling to further heat the floor; The s' ace near the ceiling is maintained consi er'ably warmer" than the floor, area or space.

' the radiating device locate near the ceiling 40 is preferably autorrraticallj regulated by a maticinits nature, showing a complete'heat' ing device for one room or apartment and a part for another, the indirect heating device,

3 and the source ofstea together with appliances for directing an regulating the steam and air. Fig; 2 is a bottom lan view of the heating device located near t e'ceiling of the a 'artment. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of .t 'e'indirect heating device by which the air q is heate'd'prior' to its admission to the a artinent'. 2, Fig. 4 is a h2g1, seal fitting whieh is i located-at-theindu [ion end of the upper "heating device. 5 illus rates a trap fitting for the water'of condensation.

g p leading from the ceiling heating device. 1g.

6 is a sectional view of a "shifting valve (a view, partly in section an The i radiant heat from the heating device at the The su ply of steam to .or other suitable air forcing on opposite sides of the series.

trapped fitting included in the ceiling heat- Fig. 9 is a section thereof, taken ing evice. on line 99 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a detail, illustrating the manner of venting the air from the ceilin area of the apartment. Fig. 11 is a vertica' section of a reducing valve located in the steam supply ipe.

partly in elevation, of a differential governor for-controlling "the steam to the exhaust pump of the heating a paratus. Fig. 13 is a fragmentary side e evation of the upper end .of said governor.

As shown in the drawin s, A designates a steam boiler constituting t e source of steam supply, B an engine in which the steam generated in the'boiler is employed for anyuseful purpose, and C the exhaust pipe of said engine. 'D designates a pressure reducing va ve located in said exhaust pipe and which Fig. 12 is acts to reduce the pressure of the exhaust steam belovy atmospheric pressure prior to.

its use in the heatin devices. Said exhaust pipe is provided wit an exhaust valve C of- I any suitable type wherebty steam 'not' used for heating urposes may the atmo'sp ere. withdrawing the water 0 condensation and air from the heating devices. vThe engine I ofsaid pump receives steam from the boiler e discharged into A through a pipe '5, the su ly of'steam bein a controlled by-a differentigl g regulator or ernor J, hereinafter to be described.

steam pipe C is provided with two branches Cl, C, one of which leads to andsuppliesthe direct heating devices F located near the ceiling oftheapar-tments and the other of which leads tothe indirect heatin device I which is herein shown-as located in t e base-,

ment of the building Said indirect heating I designates apump for device consists esserltiallypf a plurality of of shortpipes e'fithe connection being located radiator units]? connected iI'P eries' by means 'alternately at o posite sides The steam is de vered into the radiator at its passage assumes a backward and forward traverse across the path of the air' as it passes thl ough and over the; device.

thedevice;

one end of the-series and passes r-ogressively t '115 E througgl l One end of the base ofeac'h radiator or unit is provided I with a water ofciondensation or. drip. ipe e,

the drip pipes of adjacent units being ocated Said drip isc manner hereinafter to be described.

As herein shown the steam tothe heating device is controlled by the admission of air to said heating device, the air being admitted "to the feed end of the heatin device and mixed with the steam and finally collecting at the rear end of the heating device as the steam condenses therein, from whence it is automatically withdrawn to permit the entrance of more steam to the heating device. This is accomplished automatically byjthe employment of a thermostatic regulating apparatus shown generally in Fig. 1 and certain of the details of which areindicated more clearly in Figs. 6 and 7. The manner of regulating the supply of steam to saidindirect heating device is the same as that for controlling the supply of steam to the upper or ceiling radiator and the details of such apparatus will be hereinafterdescribed, after the upper radiator has been described. Each apartment is provided with three air outlet openings, to wit,one R, near the floor level, one R, near the ceiling level, and one H a distance above the level of the inlet passage. The openings R, R are designed to be open at all times, while the opening R is designed to be only periodically opened to clearthe air from the upper part of the a artment.

V F designates as a whole one o the radiators for heating the apartments. Said radiator is located near the ceiling of said apartment, and consists, as herein shown, of what is in elfect a single line of pipe have the general form of a rectangle which extends around the four sides of the room. One of the sidesfof said rectangle is provided with a loop comprising two substantially parallel members which are joined to the sidef opposite the side f by means of a fitting F, which. is

shown in detail in Figs. 8 and 9. The fitting consists of a short tube f threaded at both ends to receive the sections of the pipe f 2 and two branchesf, f communicating with the tube centrally thereof, and separated therefrom by a depending weir f Water of condensation entering said fitting passes beneath said weir and to the outlet end of the pipe f but, inasmuch as the bottom edge of the weir is sealed, steam is trapped from said discharge end of the pipe f and passes throu hout the heating device. The feed end 0% branch G with a descending steam pipe, which latter pipe G is connected at its upper end by means of a cross-pipe c with the ascending branch C of the main supply pipe. The pipe G discharges water condensed therein or led thereto into the water of condensation pipe E of the indirect heating de- -steam pipe G.

said heating devlce is connected by a vice, as herein shown. The branch G is connected with the feed end of the radiator through the medium of'a feed seal fitting G shown in detail in Fig. 4.

The chamber of the fitting G is provided at one,,side with a branch g'with which the feed end of the radiator F is connected and at' its top with an opening which receives a bushing g, which latter is provided with a screw-threaded opening to receive said branch G, and also a depending tubular section 9 which extends into the chamber of the fitting. Said tubular section is provided at its lower end with a feed bushing 9 which surrounds the open end of'said tubu 30 1 lar section 9 Said bushing g is provided near its bottom with openings g. The construction of this bushing is such that it operates to prevent the back flow of steam and air into the steam pipe, while permitting the g5 free entrance of steam from the. pipe G through the fitting into the heatingydevice.

The water of condensation is discharged from the heating device F through a water-of condensation or drip pipe F which discharges into a seal shown in detail in Fig. 5, said seal discharging into the descending The chamber H of said fit ting is connected by a short branch pipe h with the pipe G; which rises-from said chamber H and is provided atits upper end with a cap h through which the drip ipe F 2 extends. 3 designates a tube which is closed at its lower end and open at its up er to receive the lower end foo of the drip pipe the latter pipe passing nearly to the bottom of the ipe or tube H The construction of said sea 1s such that it may, while retaining a conveniently short length, provide an ample depth or length of 05 seal between the high and low pressure sides of the heating system.

. The connection between the heating de- Vices and the pump I are made as follows:

I designates a pipe connected with the lower end of the descending pipe G, and said pipe I is provided with a trap 1 The pipe I discharges at its end remote from the trap I into a cup-shaped receptacle I I designates a continuation of the pipe I which is located above the level of the latter pipe and is connected by a downwardly turned part t with said cup I said downwardly turned part dipping into said cup below the level of the Said pipe I-is enlarged, as shown 12G section I. at I, the enlarged part of said pipe communicating with the cylinder of the u-mp I. The pipe I should be made about alf the diameter of the \pipe 1 while the enlarged section I should be made somewhat more 1251 than twice the diameter of the pipe I. Owing to the relative sizes of the pipes I and I and to the. fact that the down-turned end of the pipe I dips into the cup I in the manner shown, which cup is made but littlelarger 1 30 H designates a pipe 5 I than the ipe I, the mixture of water and air is lifted through the pipe I in the form of alternate bodies or slugs, with the result that the water is lifted to the pump with less difference in gage pressure between. the pi e I and the up er end of the ipe If than if water' in a solid stream bel ifted. That-is to say, water is drawn through the pipe I in the normal speed of the ump at a sl' htly greater rate than it is delivered into sai cup I, so that the receiving end of the pipe I is r 4 periodically uncovered, and when so uncovered draws air. The water flows steadily into the cup so that during the short interruption of the passage of the water into the pipe I it continues to collect in the cup or recep tacle I andthus the mixtureof ir and water is alternately lifted in slugs through the pipe I. The enlargement I? of the pipe I? at the pump cylinder provides a storage'reservoir from which the pump cylinder is supplied, thus furnishing a steady body of water tothepum. 1 'h Water collecting in the reducing valve D is herein shown as dripping into the pipe I through the medium a drip pipe D provided with a trap D. to prevent the equalizationof pressures on the high and low pressure sides of the. system through; said drip p1 e. l V

eferrin now to the automatic mechanism for wit drawing airfrom-the heating devices and thereby regulating thesuiply of steam thereto and for delivering sai air to the return pipe I such niechanism'is made as follows a a i K, K designate what may be termed shifting valves, shown in detail in Fig. 6, and connected withthe feed ends of the heating devices. E and F, and also connected, through automatic airvalves L (Fig. 7) with the sidesof said heating de\7i ces remote from the feed ends thereof, and also with thermostats M. The 'shiftin valve K consists of a casing K provided with an interior diaphragm K dividing the easing into two chambers 7c, k.

K desi nates a tubular branch connecting the chamger 7c with the heatingdevice. The connection with thdheat'mg device E consists of a pipe K which leads to the steam supply branch C? thereof. Said. tubular; branch K is adapted to be more or less re stricted by means'of a throttle valve K of an desired construction.v A second passage- 5 leadsfrom said chamber 7c andis adapted-to 1 be connected by means of a pipe M with the thermostat M; The thermostat herein shown is like that illustrated in my United States 'LettersPatent, No. 795,856, dated August 60 1, 1905. The thermostats of the ceiling heat-i ing devices are'herein shownas located'adjace'nt to the lower outlet openings R, while that for the indirect heating device' is locate I at the base of one of the air passages 2, e or at the rear end of ,the saidheating deride sure or vacuum side of the valve.

is provided with a conical end which said valve away from its seat.

rounds an upstanding guide stem. Said chamber k is also means of ahollow branch K that remote from the steam feed side. "air valve L, (Fig. 7), vvided with induction end of the, radiator.

shifting The other chamber is of said shifting valve I is connected by means of a hollow branch K thereof andapipe N with the Water and air return pipel andis therefore the low pres- Said pasconsisting which seats against a conical seat in the passage. Said valve lug K is rovided at its upper end with a ead which ears against or is attached to the diaphragm K, and a spring 7c is interposed between the casing and the head of valve stem, which normally holds the i The spring sur flange for said connected by and a pipe;L with the air valve L, which latter is connected with the exhaust side of the radiatog 95' sage K is provided .with a valve of an endwise movable valve plug K of which communicates with the dischar e controlled valve is. located which enga es a'seat in a hollow sleeve or bushing 1*. T e chamber which, as herein shown, consists of a of thermostatic material 'bent upon i, one end of which is attached to the cas of which bears against When said thermostatic the valve stem and to and when said thermostatic The operationlof this part-of the apparatus is substantially as follows z-The thermostat M is adjusted to open to permit airat, atmospheric pressure,' to enter .th

valve'and heating device at a select ed temperature, sa above zero F. Ifit lie prature surrounding the thermostatis above such selected temperature, said thermostat erethroug'h to the for instance, at assumed that the temagn'cl permits air to pass through -the o ens sl iifting valve into the feed end of the radlator, the air thus admitted'actingas a displacing agent wheh the steam is condensed therefrom; said air collecting at the end of comprises a casing ro-' and eduction'cham ers Z, Z, respectively, the latter of which communicates with the pipe L, and the former thermostatical y between said induction and eduction chambers of the casing consisting of an endwise movable; spring pressed valve plug L theheating device remote from the steam inlet thereof.. Duringthe time said thermostat is open and air is passingthrough the shifting valve"into the'heatlngdevice 1n the I manner stated, the pressure of the air acts on Q the diaphragm K to hold the valve. K

a ainst. its seat and therefore the ,passage K c osed. Assoon, however,as the thermostat is closed, which occurs when the air about the same cools, and the air pressure is relieved on the diaphragm K the spring 7c acts to open the valve K thereby establishing communication between the vacuum pipe N, and the air valve. through the shiftlng valve. If the air valve be open at this time, said vacuum acts to withdraw the air from the heating device, thereby ermitting more steam to .enter the heating evice, and such withdrawal of the air continues until all of the air is withdrawn therefrom and steam impinges against the thermostatic member of the air valve, whereupon said air valve is closed and no further steam or air withdrawn therefrom. If the air valve is closed at the time communication is established. between the vacuum pipe N and the air valve, the opening of the valve K will produce no effect until said valve air is opened. It is thus seen that the heating effect of the heating devices is controlled by the temperature of the air surrounding the thermostat.

The ressure reducing valve D (Fig. 11) is. genera y like that shown in my prior United States Letters Patent, No. 795,856, dated August 1st, 1905. It com rises, in general terms, a casing having an in ct passage (1 and an outlet passage d, connected with the section of the pipe C.

D, D designate upper and lower connect- 1 ed valves cooperating with upper and lower alined openings formed in an inner casing D extending inwardly from the induction passage d. l

. D is a diaphragm chamber connected by a neckd with the mainvalve casing and containing a diaphragm which is connected by a stem (1 with the connected valves D D The stem extends upwardly through atube d located Within the part connecting the valves D D and the stem is circumferentially grooved, the parts of which constitute, when the stem is surrounded by water, a stufiing box or liquid packing to cut off communication between the valve casing and diaphragm chamber. The upper art of the diaphragm chamber above the iaphragm communicates with a water tank D through a pipe 11 and the liquid head thus furnished acts on the diaphragm in a manner to hold the valve closed. Such closing action of the liquid head is supplemented by a weight D slidably mounted on a lever D which is pivoted to a lug (1 depending from the diaphragm chamber and is loosely connected with a stem d depending from the diaphragm. The tank D' is connected by a pipe (1 with the side of the steam supply pipe beyond said valve, (with the branch C as herein shown), the pipe d entering the upper side of said tank. The tank D is, therefore, subject to the vacuum of the pipe C. The surplus Water is drained from said tank D through a pipe (1 into the pipe C. I v

If it be assumed that the system is out of action and the tank D filled and the system is to be started into operation, the pump I will befirst started to withdraw the air from the system and thereby roduce a vacuum in the system beyond t e valve D. The vacuum is increased until the liquid head and weight D acting on the diaphragm, is overcome, whereupon the. atmospheric pressure acts to open the reducing valve and admit steam at the desired vacuum into the'heating system; and the degree of vacuum at which steam is admitted to the heating system may be governed by the position of the slidable weight D on thelever D Said weight is removable and may be attached to either end of the lever, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1-1. When the weight is attached to the end of the lever indicated in dotted lines it acts against the liquid head. The drain pipe D leads from the valve chamber a distance above the floor of the valve chamber so as to purpose hereinafter to be set forth.

The differential governor or re ulator J comprises two diaphragm chambers J 2 connected by a part J The lower diaphragm chamber contains a diaphragm y' to which is centrally attached a stem 7' which extends downwardly through an openingin the bottom wall of the chamber. Said stem '7'. is connected at its lower end with a vertic'ally swinging lever j which is pivoted at one end to a studj at the lower end of the device and vertically reciprocating rod Saidrod is loosely connected at its upper end with one end of a lever j which is pivoted to a stud j and is provided at its end remote from its connection with the rod with a weight 9' The upper diaphragm chamber is provided;

lever j on the side of its pivot i remote fromthe wei ht. Loosely connejcted with the weightedilever between said stem 1' and the rod y' 'is an endwise reciprocating rod j which is pivoted at its up er end to a crank 7 of a rock-shaft j uWhlC latter is connected by a 'link j" with the valve J. which controls the passage of steamthrough the pipe 'i. The lower side' of the upper diaphragm chamber is connected with the return or low pressure 1 side of the system by means of a pipe 7', while 'the upper side of the lower diaphragm chamber is connected with the feed side or high pressureside of the system by means of a pipe 7' theconne'ction being through the reducing valve D. As will be observed by reference to Fig. 11 the receiving end of the 100 is loosely connected at its other end with a pipe f communicates with .the chamberof the reducing valve below the outlet or drain (pipe .D so that there is alwafyls a body of f the parts the steam valve J is open and steam-is free to enter the pump engme. As

J being opened atjthis time.

static head on the lower diaphragm. the system has been starte water in the casing for keeping led the pipe 7 and thereby maintaining a given hydro.-

Before in operation the wei hted lever 3' assumes the position shown in igs. 1 and 12 with the. weight hanging downwardly, and with the diaphragms j, j in their upper positions. In these positions of soon as steam is admitted to the reducing valve, the pump engine is started, the valve Upon the continued operation of the ump a vacuum is induced on the return si e of thesystem which acts to draw downwardly the upper diaphragm and close the valve J and such closing movement of the valve is supplements ed by the hydrostatic head acting onthe lower.

diaphragm. The hydrostatic head will however, be diminishedto the extent of the vacuum on the feed side of the system. The weight acts a a'inst the closing movement of the valve and serves to maintaina uniform difference in pressures regardless of the absolute pressures. l

Theo eration of the apparatus is as follows:-- en the building is to be heated, steam is admitted to 'the lower indirect heat- I ing device and also tothe upper heating devices located near the ceiling of the room through the branch pi cs, 0 forcing device or fan 2 is-;set in motion to force air over the-heated coils of the indirect heating device and said air is admitted to the apartments through the passages e, e. The lower outlet opening R of the apartment, and the intermediateoutlet opening R are continuously opento aidesired extent so that air is free to pass therefrom. The air enters the apartment at the breathing level and is partlally consumed by respiration ofthe occupants of the apartment.

the upper space of the apartment. The damper S is opened and closed by dia r phragm located in a chamber S *(Fi 1 0) and communicatin at its lower side wit the low ressure side 0 the svstem throu h be pipe has branches wh1c enter the to levers .9 pi oted at t diaphragms and The air The 'air exhaled from the lungs of the occupants of the apartthe same time provide rhea air which is not vitiated by the commingling a pipe T.-

ssaaas H lower sides of the diaphra chambers S and (fit the branches are provide points accessible from the floor of the room with valves t;

Thefstems s f the dia hragms are attached rising fromv the diaphragm chambers and loose connected at their 0 posite ends with. inks .9 which are pivoted to cranks which are attached to the ivoted dampers S. With this construction, w en the valves t are eir outer ends to lugs opened, the vacuumacts' to draw the diap r agm downwardly and through the connection described .to .open the damper S.

When the valves t are closed the dampers are I closed by springs 8 (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 10) which press upwardly against the act in opposition to the vacuum by which the dam ers are opened. The u per wall of the diap 'agmchamber is provi ed with one or more openings 8 to permit the diaphragm to be-depressed when the lower side of the diaphragm chamber is-in communication with the low pressure side of the systems.

The heat of the u per heatin heats by radiation tii steam thereto is regulated by the t ermostats M which are located near the fioorcair outlets. The apartment at the breathing level is maintained at approximately the temtemperature of the air which is introduced into the room, to wit,'in the neighborhood of'65 to 68 F. above zero and the temperature of the warmer fouler air at the floor'is maintained in the neighborhood of 70 F. above zero, while the temperature of the air at theceiling is maintained mu'ch hi her. The heavier air constituents near the 001' do notrise .as they are not heated sufliciently, but are on ants of the apartment. CB1 ing does not fall to ,a lower area of the room as it .cannot fall through the denser intermediate layers. It will be observed that the location of the intermediate outlet 1R above the air inlets maintains a circulation of the newly introduced air and that the air stantially heated, inasmuch as the radiant heat passing therethrough does not d rectly respiration of theoccupants or passes out heat 1t. In thismanner, therefore, I am enabled to furnish'a sufficient heat for the comfort of the occupants of the a artment and at thful breathing therewith of the heavier foul air, which woul occur if. the heatin devices {be located near to cause it to rise to the top of the room.

The arrangement of the indirect heating" device, whereby the steam passes'a number of times across the path of the air which is devices F e floor am maintains. the same properly heated, and the supply of the apartment before it becomes sub- 1 I heated sufficiently for the comfort of the oc The air nearthe v asses into the apartment and'is consumed Y the fioor, andsaid oul air suflicientlyheated I v 1. In an apparatus for heating and ventilating apartments, means for introducmg' heated air. into the apartment at or near the 'breathing level, a plurality of outlet passages, one located near the floor and the other above the breathing level, and means for heating said a artment by direct radiation so arranged tl iat'the heavier air constituents do not rise but are discharged near the floor andthe lighter air constituents near the ceiling are kept so Warm that they do not fall to the breathing level whereby the newly introduced air is maintained substantially free from the'vitiated air.

2. In an apparatus for heating and. ventilating apartments, means for introducing heated air into the apartment at or near the breathing level, a heating device located near the ceiling of the apartment and a plurality of outlet openings for the apartment, one located' near the floor thereof and another above the breathing level.

In an apparatus for heating and ventilating' apartments, means for introducing heated air into the apartment at or near the breathing level, a heating device located near .the ceiling of the apart-n'lent, and a plurality of outlet openings for the apartment, one located near the floor thereof, one located near the ceiling and another intermediate the same above the breathing level.

In an apparatus for heating and ventilatmg apartments, means for introducing heated air into the apartment at or near the breathing level, a heating device located near the ceiling of the apartment, a plurality of outlet openings for the a artment, one located near the floor thereo one located near the ceiling and another intermediate the same above the breathing level, a damper in the upper outlet opening and means for opening and closing said damper.

' 5. In an apparatus for heating and ventilating apartments, means for introdw-ing heated air into the apartment at or near the breathing level, a steam heating device lo cated near the ceiling, a pluralityol' nllllvl openings for said apartment, one located near the lloor thereof and another loratcd above the breathing line, and a thermostat located near the lloor for controlling the supply of steam to the heating device.

6. In an apparatus for heating and Von-- tilating apartments, a heating device located near the ceiling of the apartment, an inlet passage which opens into the apartment at or near the breathing level, a plurality ol outlet openings in the wall of the apartment, our located near the floor thereof and another above the breathing level, an air passage for supplying air tothe inlet passage of the room, a heating device in said air passage and means for forcing air over said heating device through the passage into the apartment.

7. In apparatus for heating and ventilating apartments a heating device located near the ceiling of the apartment, an inlet passage which opens into the apartment at or near the breathing level, a plurality of outlet passages, one located near the lloor ol" the apartment and another at or about the ln'eathing level thereof, and an indirect heating device comprising a passage connected with said inlet passage, means for forcing air through said passage, and a heating apparatus located in said passage comprising a plurality of radi ator bases located in said passage and connected at alternate ends wlth each other in series, and vertical pipes or coils rising from and communicating with each of said bases, whereby the heating fluid passes progressively from one radiator to the others in a to and fro patlnacross the path of the air on its Way to the apartment and means for releasin the air from the apartment.

n testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses, this 20th day of February, A. 1).1904.

EUGENE F. OSBORNE.

ill 

